disposal of e cess spoil from coal mining and surface mining

A large excavation machine used in surface mining to remove overburden (layers of rock and soil) covering a coal seam. The dragline casts a wire rope-hung bucket a considerable distance, collects the dug material by pulling the bucket toward itself on the ground with a second wire rope (or chain), elevates the bucket, and dumps the material on a spoil bank, in a hopper, or on a pile.

In the mining process, several resources can be recovered, including coal, metals, limestone, potash, clay and much more. Mining is done with the goal to obtain materials which cannot be obtained at the surface and can also not be created artificially in an economically-senseful way.

In some cases underground mining also produces enough spoil to require the construction of valley fills. Mountaintop and area mining allows for almost complete recovery of coal seams, and reduces the number of workers required to a fraction of what conventional methods require but produces large volumes of excess spoil disposal needs.

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(12) The location of each sedimentation pond, permanent water impoundment, coal processing waste bank, coal processing waste dam and embankment and fill area for the disposal of excess spoil in accordance with § § 87.73, 87.74 and 87.79 (relating to dams, ponds, embankments and impoundments; coal refuse disposal; and disposal of excess spoil).

1816.74 Disposal of Excess Spoil: Durable Rock Fills 1816.75 Disposal of Excess Spoil: Preexisting Benches 1816.79 Protection of Underground Mining 1816.81 Coal Mine Waste: General Requirements 1816.82 Coal Processing Waste Banks: Site Inspection (Repealed) 1816.83 Coal Mine Waste: Refuse Piles 1816.84 Coal Mine Waste: Impounding Structures

Chapter 3. Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Surface-Mine Spoil Groundwater flow in mine spoil occurs in a "dual-porosity" system. The hydraulic properties of spoil are difficult to pr edict. Porosity, hydraulic conductivity and tran smissivity of mine spoil are much higher than in …

Surface - Blast Design - Office of Surface Mining. As a rule, open-pit and coal strip mines using large drills will drill presplit holes that range from 9 to 12-¼ inches in diameter. Quarry and construction presplits... >>Get Quotation.

Disposal of Excess Spoil from Coal Mining and the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Although there is general applicability of rock - fill dam construction practices to the disposal of excess spoil, details of actual ...

Glossary of Surface Mining and Reclamation Technology. National Coal Association for the Coal and Environment Conference and Exposition, Kentucky. Camin, K. 1975. Mined Land Redevelopment. Department of Economics, Wichita State University. Wichita, Kansas. Committee on Disposal of Excess Spoil, 1981. Disposal of Excess Spoil from Coal Mining and

environmental impacts of surface coal mining and give operators clear standards for mining near bodies of water. The rule would address environmental concerns about the disposal of excess mine spoil and coal preparation waste outside the mine area. It also would clarify existing requirements for mining in and around streams – requirements that

(a) General. Excess spoil shall be placed in designated disposal areas within the permit area, in a controlled manner to - (1) Minimize the adverse effects of leachate and surface water runoff from the fill on surface and ground waters; (2) Ensure mass stability and prevent mass movement during and after construction; and (3) Ensure that the final fill is suitable for reclamation and ...

of the Act required the controlled placement of all excess spoil material from surface coal mining operations using sound engineering practices to ensure the long term stability of the fill. Rules concerning the disposal of excess spoil were proposed on September 13, 1978 (43 FR 41890-41892 and 41910-

Coal mine waste may be disposed of in excess spoil fills in accordance with paragraph (J) of rule 1501:13-9-07 of the Administrative Code. (7) Underground disposal. Coal mine waste may be disposed of in underground mine workings, but only in accordance with a plan approved by the chief and MSHA under paragraph (N) of rule 1501:13-4-14 of the ...

All types of surface and underground coal mining in Appalachia generate excess spoil fills due to the increased volume of broken rock, limitations on the steepness and height to which broken rock may be placed to achieve a stable slope, and the steep topography of the region.

17-24-320 Plans for Disposal of Excess Spoil.pdf. 6/29/2020. Dicki Peterson. 17-24-520 Thick Overburden and Disposal of Excess Spoil.pdf. 6/29/2020.

The Mingo Logan Coal Company has been authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District to construct six "valley fills" and numerous sedimentation ponds in Seng Camp Branch, Pigeonroost Branch and Oldhouse Branch and certain tributaries to those waters by discharging excess spoil generated by surface coal mining operations.

Excess Spoil Fills When coal is mined by surface mining methods, rock and soil that overlie the coal must be first temporarily removed and stored outside of the immediate mining area. The rock is blasted as it is removed. The angular blast rock, or "spoil," incorporates voids and therefore is less dense than undisturbed rock.

All types of surface and underground coal mining in Appalachia generate excess spoil fills due to the increased volume of broken rock, limitations on the steepness and height to which broken rock may be placed to achieve a stable slope, and the steep topography of the region.

The Hill & Associates report uses the term "deep mines" for underground mines and the term "wash plants" for coal preparation plants. In addition, in the report, the term "valley fills" includes all excess spoil fills and coal mine waste disposal facilities constructed as part of a surface mine.

Mountaintop coal mining is a type of surface mining that removes mountaintops to expose coal seams and discards the overburden in adjacent "valley fills." Valley fills occur in steep terrain where there are limited disposal alternatives. Abandoned mine lands are degraded lands and waters that are inadequately reclaimed after surface coal mining ...

What is Strip Mining? Surface mining, counting strip mining, mountaintop removal mining and open-pit mining, is a wide classification of mining where soil and rock covering the mineral source (the 'overburden') are gotten rid of, unlike underground mining (or deep mining) where the overlying rock is kept in place, and the mineral is taken out through shafts or tunnels.

- A Surface Mining License is issued to the individual or company in possession of one or more Surface Mining Permits in the State of Maryland and gives them the right to operate within the state. Any subcontractors loading material into their own trucks or performing mineral extraction at a mine site are required to have a State Surface Mining ...

yet constructed), and certain tributaries to those waters by discharging excess overburden (or spoil) generated by surface coal mining operations. The project as authorized will directly impact 2,278 acres, including more than seven miles of stream, and indirectly impact other waters. EPA Region III acknowledges the project has undergone extensive

Chapter 130. Coal Surface Mining Reclamation Regulations. 4VAC25-130-816.72. Disposal of excess spoil; valley fills/head-of-hollow fills. Valley fills and head-of-hollow fills shall meet the requirements of 4VAC25-130-816 .71 and the additional requirements of this section. (a) Drainage control. (1) The top surface of the completed fill shall ...

for achieving approximate original contour (AOC) on steep-slope surface mine operations while providing a means for determining excess spoil quantities. Using this process maximizes the amount of mine spoil returned to the mined area while minimizing the amount of mine spoil placed in excess spoil disposal sites, i.e., valley fills.

880-X-8F-.16 Disposal Of Excess Spoil. (1) Each application shall contain descriptions, including appropriate maps and cross section drawings, of the proposed disposal site and design of the spoil disposal structures according to Rule 880-X-10C-.36. ... Each applicant for a surface coal mining and reclamation permit shall submit plans and ...

among the u.s. office of surface mining, u.s. environmental protection agency, u.s. army corps of engineers, u.s. fish and wildlife service, and west ia division of environmental protection for the purpose of providing effective coordination in the evaluation of surface coal mining operations resulting in placement of excess spoil fills in the waters of the united states

3 In Subchapter G, Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation Operations, Permits, and Coal Exploration Procedures 4 Systems, Division 1, General Requirements for Permit and Exploration Procedure Systems under Regulatory 5 Programs, the Commission proposes to amend §12.100, relating to Responsibilities.

The objectives of the study were to conduct a nationwide review of engineering practices and physiographic and environmental conditions that have an impact on the disposal to excess spoil from surface and underground mining of coal and to evaluate the rationale for promulgating OSM regulations in the form of general guidelines, detailed engineering standards, or a combination of both.

Bull Mountains Mine No. 1 320-1 Permit Update, May 2010 320 TXT DLG 9-17-10.doc 17.24.320 PLANS FOR DISPOSAL OF EXCESS SPOIL After final construction of the new Surface Facilities area during the summer of 2009, an aerial survey was conducted for the entire Surface Facilities area, and spoil and soil volumes moved and/or stored were calculated.

(p) Excess spoil that is acid-forming or toxic-forming or combustible shall be adequately covered with non-acid, non-toxic and noncombustible material, or treated, to control the impact on surface and ground water in accordance with this chapter (relating to Coal Mining Regulations), to prevent sustained combustion, and to minimize adverse ...

Among other things, the 2008 rule required that mining operations be designed to minimize the creation of excess spoil and that permit applicants consider a range of reasonable alternatives to the disposal of excess spoil and coal mine waste in perennial or intermittent streams or their buffer zones and select the alternative with the least ...